• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device for the evaluation of visual abilities that includes a set of double switches whose activation gives rise to visual signals. The double switches (1) have a central switch (3) encompassed in a complete switch (2) to detect finer skills and grosser skills, respectively. The set of double switches can be arranged in a wide variety of formats by using bars (21) bored at their ends that are inserted into connecting elements (20) of the bases (19) on which the double switches are installed (one). The device also includes a box (13) with two rods (14) to analyze the stereopsis, a CCD camera (17) and an infrared sensor (18) to check ocular motility, and all the elements to emit the visual signals, to process and display the results, and place the set of double switches in the position and at the appropriate height for their use. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2688472A1
    申请号:ES201800029
    申请日:2018-02-05
    公开日:2018-11-02
    发明作者:Ricardo BERNÁRDEZ VILABOA；Consuelo Villena Cepeda；Manuel Sillero Quintana
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；Universidad Complutense de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    Device for the evaluation of visual skills. Technical sector
    The invention falls within the technical sector of Optometry, more specifically it relates to devices and procedures for measuring the visual skills used in team and individual sports by hand. State of the art
    Visual skills are a series of abilities for which the concurrence of vision and the body is necessary to execute a simple or complex movement of all or a part thereof. It is, therefore, essential to evaluate the eyes in a monocular or binocular manner under different conditions and controlling certain variables of time, space, speed, dexterity and amplitude among others. Among these visual skills we can list eye motility, visual memory, peripheral vision, reaction time, eye-hand coordination, visual anticipation and stereopsis or relief vision, as essential elements in any set of sports activity . Emétropes eyes, that is to say normal, combined the two, interacting with the environment and in association with the rest of the body, can perfectly pass a complete eye examination that includes evaluation of ametropia, basic physiological functions, evaluation of accommodation and binocular vision However, both physical and visual skills depend on these basic optometric factors combined with moving or high-precision external elements and the physical preparation of the athlete. Achieving the best preparation and being aware of your own abilities and weaknesses, to reduce the latter to a value close to zero, allows you to achieve success, measured many times in thousandths of a second. Only when the capabilities themselves exceed those of the rival, in full sports competition and at any level, the prize is reached. This success is relative and depends on multiple factors such as physical preparation, the ability to overcome the opposite, injuries, food, perseverance, age, the opponent, the level of competition, but it is also essential to have a good vision in most of the sports that are practiced and visual skills to achieve the objective in a more precise, trained and quantifiable way in very short times.
    If individual visual skills of an elite athlete are compared to a sedentary person without those skills that the athlete develops to the limits allowed for the human being, the differences in high levels of demand are very significant whereas, if these standards are lowered of overcoming, these differences are reduced, so when we measure monocular or binocular visual acuity, even results contrary to those assumed by the activity that each performs.
    The visual skills of greater interest depend, in part, on the sport being performed, on their level of competition and on the position on the pitch in team sports. And in that sense the previous proposals synthesize the skills of a good athlete.
    Thus, ocular motility corresponds to the visual ability by which an eye is able to follow a moving object in any direction within its visual field. This visual ability requires a determined physiology based on the integrity of the eye, the cavity that encompasses it and the 6 extraocular muscles that move it, in addition to other internal components of the eye and its functionality, basically. This ability is checked with devices that include CCD cameras or infrared sensors that record the movements made and Visual memory is a visual ability that allows the eye observation activity to be related to the brain's ability to retain perceived information. This ability to retain the images that are perceived for a very short period of time and in a lasting sequence, repetitive or not, and with more or less complex information is valued. In practice, any sequence of different lights or objects, in simple positions distinguished from space, can be used to assess this visual ability; thus, among other tests, the WOM-REST recognition test or the VISMEM recovery test is used. The variation of these elements and the ability to remember it makes the visual memory higher. This visual ability allows to retain information of the opponents in thousandths of a second to enable the athlete to analyze the sequence that the opponent uses and to disrupt him in all the moves that are possible by winning him more times than his adversary.
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    The peripheral vision corresponds to the limits of the visual field fundamentally of the two eyes together. This visual ability contributes to the displacement of the human being, in such a way that, the greater the ability to detect the limits, the better the ability to move and, therefore, the careers in search of an object or the perception of the outermost movement. It is evaluated with a campimeter or devices that show lights in the margins of the visual field with a certain cadence in movement, preferably, such as, for example, the peristat AP-800 perimeter or similar devices of any commercial house.
    The reaction time is a visual ability that corresponds to the response time to a light or sound stimulus, primarily, after perceiving it. These are times in thousandths of a second that depend on factors such as age, the moment of appearance of the stimulus, the diversion of the observer, the movement of the limb used, the type of button and other difficulties related to the dimensions and arrangement of the measuring instrument. The visual ability can vary according to the type of response that is required from the simplest that consists of pressing a switch or key, without more, as soon as the appearance of the stimulus is perceived. If more than one possible response is shown among those that must be decided, the reaction time of choice is measured by presentation of various responses or by denial-affirmation. The instrument to measure this most common visual ability is a computer, using certain computer keys and visual stimuli on the screen or sound by the speaker and a program that presents the times once the requested action has been executed. Electronic devices that measure these times with predefined programs are also used.
    Eye-hand coordination is the visual ability to check the number of times that the eye is accurately combined with the hand used, in a short time to respond to the stimulus that is presented randomly at any point in the space explored. It is evaluated with electronic devices or on touch screens (such as described in US4824237A) with connections to computers or microprocessors with the appropriate programming to produce the stimuli to follow.
    Visual anticipation is a visual ability to determine the precise moment at which the stimulus reaches a specific point with variation in the speed of movement of the stimulus and with part of the path hidden or not. It is a skill where intuition and the high capacity to respond have an important part of the final result in thousandths of a second. An example is the system described in ES2418904B2.
    Stereopsis or relief vision corresponds to the visual ability to train the human being in the perception of distances in a more precise way without the exact calculation of it and using both eyes simultaneously. It is evaluated with polarized and two-card cards Some devices have been described with which to evaluate more than one visual ability. For example, in US20110184498A1 a screen is described that serves for training and therapy of skills such as eye-hand coordination, reaction time, peripheral vision, stereopsis, ocular motility, movement and sequential processing, by means of use of green and / or red lights, and numbers and letters, or animal silhouettes. The screen contains switches that correspond to the light signals so that, when these are activated, the patient can press the corresponding switch to advance in the next steps of the therapy.
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    Another example is that described in patent application WO2008128192A1, which presents a touch-sensitive display device, which can function as a display device and as a data input device, and in which visual and acoustic stimuli can be combined. As visual stimulus, Landolt C or other symbols are used and the device may include a touch screen, which can be flat or curved, glasses or other display devices.
    In WO2016027215A1, an apparatus for detecting, diagnosing and exercising various functions is described: visual, visual-motor, auditory, visual-verbal, as well as the audiomotor eye coordination. It comprises a plurality of emitters of optical stimuli (lights, drawings, symbols) distributed in a matrix-shaped plane, in addition to a control unit, a memory, a sensor to track the movement of the eyes and a processing unit. It can include one or more motion sensors that can consist of push buttons or touch sensors and are used to monitor, quantify and rate user movements.
    These are devices that can evaluate and exercise various visual skills through easy keystrokes, in a rude way; However, there is a lack of equipment with which to analyze these capabilities with high difficulty, precision and accuracy, characteristics that will be necessary for certain activities and sports such as dribbling in football, the success with the center of the target in sports shooting of precision, the success with the parallel in tennis or obtaining an "Eagle" in golf. Detailed description of the invention
    Device for the evaluation of visual skills.
    The present invention proposes a device for the evaluation of visual skills with which said skills are analyzed with two degrees of dexterity: a thicker one and a thinner one. Among the visual skills that can be evaluated with this device can be listed: ocular motility, visual memory, peripheral vision, reaction time, eye-hand coordination, visual anticipation, stereopsis or relief vision.
    For this, one aspect of the present invention relates to a device that includes a set of switches whose activation gives rise to visual signals and which contains double switches. When pressed, the double switches interrupt the course of the electrical current that activates them. These double switches consist of a central switch encompassed in a complete switch so that, when deactivating the complete switch, the visual signal that activates said complete switch disappears, demonstrating coarser skills and, to deactivate the visual signal of the central switch, skills are required more accurate and fine. Together with the double switches, the switch set can include simple switches. On the other hand, the activation of the visual signals is assigned in. In a preferred embodiment, the activation of the switches of the invention results in light signals, preferably by means of LEDs, which behave as stimuli when illuminated in different positions of the switch assembly. , according to an established schedule, for the evaluation of each of the visual skills that can be studied with the device of the invention. In this preferred embodiment, the double switches have a central LED that illuminates the double switch in a single color when the full switch is pressed, while illuminating the central switch with a color different from the color that illuminates the rest of the complete switch when the programming used activates only the central switch. With this distribution it is possible to increase the precision with the central switch by reducing the size of the contact surface. This arrangement of the central and complete switches allows the eye-hand coordination to be evaluated more roughly and more precisely based on the part of the double switch used, as well as the reaction time and peripheral vision.
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    The set of double switches, or double and single, can be arranged in a wide variety of formats, such as: in columns and rows of equal or different size, in the form of a circle or ellipse, or of circular or elliptical figures, etc. This initial position can be modified to adopt other formats, including an in-line arrangement consisting of a single row or a single column of switches (double, or double and single). For this, each double or single switch is arranged on a base that has a connecting element in the center of the face opposite the face of the base itself on which the switch is placed. This connecting element serves to insert a perforated bar or ribbon with which the center of the base of a double, or single switch, joins the center of the base of at least one of the double, or single, switches , adjacent, creating a chain of double, or double and simple switches. The connecting element has a stop so that the bar or ribbon does not leave said element when turning the switches. In a preferred embodiment, the holes drilled in the bar or ribbon are circular and the connecting elements have the circular section. In this way, each double or single switch can make a rotation of up to 360 ° on the adjacent switches. This option allows special measures. Thus, when the switches are aligned in a straight line, they allow us to evaluate the visual anticipation.
    The switch set is connected to a screen where you can check how each test has been developed after measuring the visual ability on the chosen surface: the number of pulsations, response times (can be calculated with errors of thousandths of a second), or the sequences followed correctly or incorrectly. Each switch can also display a figure in the form of a letter, number and / or drawing to perform a programmed sequence with random options for its possible random appearance. This option is used to evaluate the visual memory with the figures that appear on each switch according to a predetermined programming. To obtain the letters, numbers and / or drawings that the switches can show, you can use light plates, preferably LED, which can be homogeneous or have a hole in the center so that the central switch is operational.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the device includes a mechanism for moving a rod away or closer to the observer. To make this movement mechanism, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a box containing two rods is inserted in one of the switches of the switch assembly: a fixed rod, which will serve as a reference, and a mobile one, each placed About a guide The box has a groove to see through it the position of the two stems; said slit is placed so that no reference elements can be seen on the rods (such as lights or shadows that would facilitate alignment) from the position of the evaluated person to be placed in front of the switch assembly. This box can be inserted in one of the switches of the lower row, preferably in one of the central switches and more preferably in the central switch of the lower row of the switch assembly. The color of the two stems and the color of the slit are preferably different and, in a preferred embodiment, the stems are white and the slit black (or vice versa) to obtain maximum contrast. The mobile rod can be moved electronically along the guide on which it is placed, and this movement can be controlled by means of a remote control that can include a wireless connection, to move the rod away or bring it closer to the observer. The distance between the stems can be measured including also a lateral ruler with the units of measurement of interest (centimeters and / or arc seconds). This is the part of the device used to measure relief vision.
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    In one of the switches located in the central part of the switch assembly, preferably in the central switch, the device incorporates a CCD camera and an infrared device connected to a microprocessor with the possibility of storing ocular motility information on an included hard disk Also on the device.
    The entire device receives power from an energy input box that includes a hard disk to store information and connection to the mains, a box that we will call a storage box.
    The device can be supported on a base which, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, can be tilted so that it can be supported on any surface and measure the visual abilities indicated herein. Also, in this base a hole can be drilled with a nut passage to be able to use a tripod or a rigid structure that allows the variation in height of the set of switches to place it in front of the patient. Description of the figures
    The following features of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, by way of illustration and not limitation:
    Figure 1. Scheme of the device for the evaluation of visual skills. Front of the device where you can see the double switches (1). A storage box (5) is also observed in the last switch of the lower row (4). A flat screen (11) is connected to the third switch of the first row (10). In the central switch of the lower row (12), a box with a black groove (13) that incorporates two stems (14) is connected. The central switch (16) incorporates a CCD camera (17) and an infrared sensor (18).
    Figure 2. Double switch (1). Composed of the total surface of the complete circular switch (2) that includes a second central switch (3), where you can see the LED plate (6) to generate letters, numbers or figures to perform sequences. The complete switch (2) is represented by buttons on which the LED plate (6) strikes when the complete switch (2) is pressed interrupting the course of the electric current. It includes the base (19) of the double or single switch, with a joint element (20) and a stop (22) of the joint element which, in this case, has the same dimensions as the base (19). Show a bar
    (21) of joining two adjacent switches; as well as a cover (7) to protect the complete switch (2) and a rigid cover (8) to hit the central switch (3).
    Figure 3. Schemes of the mechanism of union of the double switches of the device.
    Figure 3a. Double switches (1) joined by bars (21) connecting the switches and forming a row.
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    Figure 3c Base (19) of the double or single switches, with the connecting element (20) to which the bar or strip (21) is attached that allow the mobility of each switch over the adjacent switches, and stop (22) of the element of Union. Embodiment of the invention
    The present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to limit its scope.
    A device with 25 double switches (1) with circular shape and distributed in 5 lines and 5 columns was manufactured, giving rise to a set of square shaped switches. Each complete circular switch (2) was made with an elastic polyethylene plastic material and a grid LED plate (6) was incorporated for displaying figures, letters and numbers. In this example, the red color was used for the complete switch (2), with a diameter of 6 cm. The plastic material used to make the cover (7) of the complete switch serves to protect both the LED plate (6) and the patient's hand. In addition, each complete circular switch (2) carries in its center a second switch that is a central switch (3) of size somewhat larger than that of an LED, in this case with a surface of 1 cm in diameter and green. This central switch (3) is used for precise pulsations and of greater difficulty than the complete switch (2). The plastic of the surface of the central switch (3) was also made of polyethylene but somewhat more rigid than that used on the surface of the complete switch (2), resulting in a rigid cover (8); This feature and its size make the central switch (3) have to be pressed with a single finger to deactivate the visual signal that can be emitted.
    In order to modify the arrangement of the double switch assembly of this example, each one was arranged on a rigid polyethylene base (19) with a cylinder 1 cm in diameter and 0.5 cm high on the opposite side of the base (19) and made with the same material, which constituted the connecting element (20) of each double switch (1). Rigid polyethylene slats 0.2 cm thick, 1.2 cm wide and 7 cm long were also manufactured, with a circular hole 1 cm in diameter at each end, which constitute the bars (21) drilled to join the centers of the bases (19) of the double switches (1).
    The holes (19) of the double switches (1) were joined by means of the holes in the slatted holes, fitting the holes in the connecting elements (20) and fixing them by means of stops (22) made for this purpose, according to provisions such as which are seen in figure 3.
    The last switch (4) of the lower row of the switch assembly incorporates a storage box (5) which includes a microprocessor, a hard disk with several connections to transfer the information to a computer and a transformer to connect the output cable (9) to the current.
    A 6-inch flat touch screen (11) was included in the third switch of the first row (10) of the switch assembly, which allows the observation of several data simultaneously, specifically of seven visual abilities (ocular motility, visual memory, peripheral vision, reaction time, hand-eye coordination, visual anticipation, stereopsis or relief vision) that can be measured with the device of the invention and with the programs used.
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    In the central switch of the last row (12) of the switch assembly, a box with a black slit (13) was inserted on one side and with two white stems (14), on a guide each. A remote control (15) was also manufactured with which to move the mobile rod on its guide: the patient must align, side by side, the two rods seeing them
    5 from the front, and the result in cm or seconds of arc that is seen laterally gives the difference in alignment of the two stems.
    A CCD camera (17) and an infrared sensor (18) were incorporated in the central switch (16) of the switch assembly to check the movement of both eyes on the switches
    10 illuminated switch assembly. The results of this test, with the quality of the tracking and errors, are also stored on the device's hard disk in images and can be displayed on the flat screen (11).
    The device rested on a tripod in order to vary the height of the switch assembly 15 in front of the patient.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    image 1
    1. Device for the evaluation of visual skills that includes:
    -  a set of double switches whose activation gives rise to visual signals, and which, when pressed, interrupts the course of the electrical current that activates them, the double switches (1) being formed by a central switch (3) encompassed in a complete switch ( 2);
    -  two stems (14), one fixed and the other mobile, located on guides in a box (13) having a groove;
    -  a CCD camera (17) and an infrared sensor (18) inserted in one of the double switches of the switch assembly;
    -  elements to emit the visual signals through the set of double switches, to program the appearance of the visual signals, to process and show the results of visual abilities of each individual, and to place the set of double switches in position and height suitable for use.
    [2]
    2.  Device according to claim 1 including simple switches.
    [3]
    3.  Device according to any of the preceding claims wherein the visual signals are light signals.
    [4]
    Four.  Device according to claim 3 wherein the elements for emitting the light signals are LED.
    [5]
    5.  Device according to any of claims 3-4 wherein the light signal emitted by an activated central switch (3) is of a different color to the color of the light signal emitted by a complete switch (2).
    [6]
    6.  Device according to any of the preceding claims in which the activation of the visual signals is assigned by default in the programming included in a microprocessor.
    [7]
    7.  Device according to any of the preceding claims wherein the visual signals are letters, numbers and / or drawings.
    [8]
    8.  Device according to any of the preceding claims wherein the central switch
    (3) has a rigid cover (8) made of a more rigid material than the rest of the complete switch (2).
    [9]
    9. Device according to any of the preceding claims wherein the two stems
    (14) are white and the slot in the box (13) is black, or vice versa.
    [10]
    10.  Device according to any of the preceding claims that includes a remote control (15) for varying the position of the moving rod (14) on its guide.
    [11]
    eleven.  Device according to any of the preceding claims wherein the CCD camera
    (17) and the infrared sensor (18) are inserted in the double switch (1) located in the center of the switch assembly;
    9
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    [12]
    12. Device according to any of the preceding claims which includes a microprocessor, a hard disk, a transformer with output cable (9) to the electric current and / or a battery, and a flat touch screen (11) for processing and displaying the visual cues and visual skills results of each individual.
    5
    [13]
    13. Device according to claim 11 wherein the flat touch screen (11) is located on the double (1) or single switch located in the central position of the upper row of the switch assembly.
    A device according to any one of the preceding claims that includes a tripod for placing the set of double switches in the proper position and height for use.
    [15]
    15. Device according to any of the preceding claims wherein each switch
    Double (1), or single, is connected to at least one of the double (1), or simple, adjacent switches by means of a bar or ribbon (21) with the ends pierced with a circular hole so that it can be anchored to the base (19) on which the double (1) or simple switch is installed, by means of a connecting element (20), of circular section, installed on the opposite side of the base (19) with respect to the face on which the double switch is installed
    20 (1), the bar or ribbon (21) being fixed to the connecting element (20) by means of a stop (22).
    10
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    法律状态:
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